In the dynamic pharma and biotech sector, staying ahead means seizing every opportunity to connect, engage, and grow. Events like CPHI Milan 2024 are invaluable for business, technical and marketing industry leaders, offering a platform to showcase innovations, build relationships, and drive business growth.
But with so much at stake, how can you ensure that your presence at CPHI Milan translates into tangible success?
Here are five key strategies to help you maximise your impact at this essential event:
1) Embrace Hybrid Strategies: Expand Your Reach Beyond the Booth
While in-person attendance at events like CPHI Milan has rebounded to pre-pandemic levels, the power of digital engagement shouldn’t be overlooked.
Incorporating virtual tours, on-demand webinars, and online content can significantly extend the reach of your on-site activities, allowing you to engage a global audience that might not be physically present.
In addition to these digital elements, leverage digital sponsorships and social media to maintain visibility throughout the event lifecycle. These tools not only amplify your message but also keep your brand relevant and accessible before, during, and after the event.
2) Establish Thought Leadership: Be Seen, Be Heard, Be Influential
To stand out in the crowded halls of CPHI Milan, positioning yourself as a thought leader is essential. Engaging with media before the event can secure valuable opportunities for interviews, panel discussions, and press coverage, enhancing your credibility and expanding your reach.
If you’re launching a new product or service, applying for relevant awards at CPHI can significantly boost your exposure. Recognition as an industry leader not only builds trust but also attracts potential customers to your booth.
3) Leverage Milan’s Prime Locations
Strategic out-of-home (OOH) advertising in Milan’s busiest areas can significantly enhance your event visibility. High-traffic spots near the event venue, such as airports, train stations, and major walkways, offer prime real estate for impactful advertising.
When planning your OOH campaign, focus on clear, consistent messaging that leaves a lasting impression on event attendees. Simple yet powerful visuals and concise messaging can make your brand stand out in a sea of competitors. Find out more in our whitepaper!
4) Optimise Your Booth Strategy: Create a Memorable Brand Experience
Your booth at CPHI Milan is more than just a space—it’s an opportunity to create a memorable experience that resonates with attendees. Use dynamic visuals, interactive elements, and hands-on demonstrations to draw visitors in and keep them engaged.
Ensure that all booth activities align with your overall brand messaging and aesthetics. Consistency across all touchpoints helps reinforce your brand identity and ensures that visitors leave with a clear, positive impression of your company.
5) Maintain Momentum Post-Event: Keep Your Brand Top of Mind
The end of CPHI Milan doesn’t mean the end of your marketing efforts. To maximise your return on investment, prompt follow-up is essential.
Personalised emails offering additional information or exclusive deals can keep your brand top of mind.
Additionally, sharing post-event content through blogs, newsletters, and social media can engage those who couldn’t attend the event. This approach not only sustains the momentum but also broadens your reach to a wider audience.
Partner with Experts
CPHI Milan is a pivotal event for pharma leaders. By embracing hybrid strategies, establishing thought leadership, leveraging local advertising, enhancing booth engagement, and maintaining momentum post-event, you can transform your participation into a powerful driver of business growth.
At Notch, we specialise in crafting tailored event strategies that ensure success. Let our expert team guide you in making a lasting impact at CPHI Milan and beyond.
The Notch team attends CPHI North America 2024
Attending CPHI Milan?
Contact us now to arrange a meeting with our pharma marketing experts.
CPhI Milan 2024 is set to be an exciting event, taking place from October 8th to 10th at Fiera Milano, Italy. Celebrating its 35th edition,
CPhI Milan is a premier gathering for the global pharmaceutical industry, bringing together over 62,000 attendees and 2,400 exhibitors from more than 166 countries.
This event offers unparalleled opportunities for networking, learning, and collaboration across various sectors of the pharma market.
The global personal care ingredients market is worth approximately $12.85 billion, with over 16,000 chemicals registered for use in the personal care and beauty industry. Yet pre-20th century, for most people personal care was limited to a bar of soap and nothing more. So how did this industry boom from bar soap to billion-dollar business? Let’s take a look at the chemistry, history and trends of personal care.
The background to the bubbles
Soap is made by reacting triglycerides (natural fats) with alkali hydroxides (usually sodium) to produce salts of fatty acids. These molecules are made up of both water-soluble and oil-soluble groups, making them surfactants (more on that later), and perfect for cleaning.
The first recorded soap was created by the Babylonians from fats boiled with ashes around 2800 BC. From then on, soap making developed concurrently around the globe using locally available ingredients. Plant ashes and animal fats were most commonly used, but olive oil was also popular to produce a softer soap, and aromatic plants could be added to provide scent – introducing the importance of sensory properties in personal care.
Production remained small scale until the mid- to late 19th century, when the industrial revolution meant bar soap could be mass-produced. Paired with the advent of universal indoor plumbing, the doors were opened to the development of more sophisticated personal care products. In 1900, the first “water-in-oil” emulsion was patented (hello moisturizer!); the 1920s saw the introduction of liquid shampoo, and the 70s and 80s welcomed cationic surfactants into conditioner formulations (perfect timing for those perms!). So, what goes into the bottles in our bathrooms today?
Key chemistries
The ingredients in personal care products such as shampoo, shower gel or hair conditioner are labelled according to the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI). They’re also listed in order of concentration (main ingredient first), that’s why water goes by “Aqua” and is usually number one. There are over 16,000 INCI registered chemicals, but don’t let that scare you – most of them can be grouped into key categories. Here are four examples with interesting chemistries:
1. Surfactants
Surfactants are the workhorse of the personal care formulator, thanks to their unique structure. Part water soluble (hydrophilic), part water insoluble (hydrophobic) − see figure 1 −these “surface active agents” can decrease surface tension, the cohesive forces between the molecules in a liquid. This leads to a wide scope of functionality, including the magic trick of mixing oil and water!
Surfactants are also the masters of self-assembly, spontaneously forming micelles in solution. Their oily tails congregate together to reduce the unfavourable oil-water surface interactions, resulting in a spherical structure. Why does this matter? Micelle formation enables surfactants to solubilise dirt as well as emulsify oil and water (see figure 2) – essential in many personal care products.
Foaming is another talent of surfactants. The attraction between the water molecules is weakened in the presence of surfactants, so the surface tension between air and water is lowered, allowing bubbles to form. Finally, some surfactants can act as conditioning agents. By adsorbing on to the surface of a hair cuticle via electrostatic attraction, they coat and smooth the hair, and making it easier to comb.
Surfactants are grouped according to their charge, which is key in determining their primary function in a personal care formulation − table 1 shows examples found in everyday products.
Cocamide Monoethanolamine
Fatty alclohol ethoxylates e.g. Laureth-3
2. Oils, fats and waxes
Oils, fats and waxes are the original moisturisers, helping to keep the skin or hair moist by providing a barrier that prevents water loss. Their physical properties can also help to thicken and structure a formulation, enhancing sensory properties for the consumer.
Natural oils are made up of fatty acids that have medium to long (6+ carbon atoms) hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains, see figure 3 for an example. It’s these chains that help coat the skin and lock in moisture. They also affect the “thickness” or viscosity of the solution – the longer the hydrocarbon chain, the higher the viscosity, or “thicker” the oil feels.
Commonly used natural oils include jojoba, avocado, olive, sunflower, soybean and coconut oil, which has even been shown to repair and protect damaged hair.
3. Polymers
Polymers are macromolecules – large molecules made up of repeating units, or monomers. They’re multifunctional, but their most common application in personal care is as thickening agents. Like oils, polymers can also act to increase the viscosity of a formulation. This not only enhances the “feel” of the product, but also improves spreadability and helps to ensure an optimum flow rate when you pour it from the bottle – rather than dripping straight from your hand to the shower floor!
Unlike oils, polymers don’t just rely on high molecular weight in thickening applications. Polyacrylates (polymers of acrylic acid) are commonly used in personal care formulations. They’re hydrophilic, and able to absorb as much as 100 to 1000 times their mass in water, to form a gel. The viscosity can be fine-tuned by varying the concentration and pH, making polyacrylates a really useful tool for formulators.
Polymers can also condition and moisturise. A common example used in hair conditioner is Dimethicone, a versatile hydrophobic silicon-based polymer that coats the hair to form a barrier against moisture loss, smoothing the hair’s surface and leaving a “shine”.
4. Chelates
Metal ions found naturally in water such as Magnesium (Mg2+) and Calcium (Ca2+) can catalyse the degradation of oils and fatty acids in personal care formulations, reducing shelf life. They can also make a product less effective, by reacting with surfactant molecules and reducing functionality.
Ever noticed a chalky build-up in your shower or kettle? You probably live in a hard water area. The “harder” the water is, the more metal ions are present, and the more product you’ll need to use to get the same level of detergency. That’s why you might find yourself getting through more shampoo in London (a hard water area) than in Manchester (a soft water area)!
The word chelate is derived from the Greek chela meaning crab claw. Adding chelating agents to a formulation sequesters the metal ions, binding them (like in a crab’s pincer) so they can no longer react with the ingredients. A common chelate is disodium EDTA. This molecule uses negative charges to bind the positively charged metal ions – see figure 4.
Top trends and future focus
Despite all the chemistry behind it, personal care is very much a consumer led market influenced by wider global trends.During the pandemic, the industry saw an unprecedented increase in demand. With spa treatments, beauty salons and holidays off-menu, consumers chose to spend more on DIY self-care at home.
Today, there remains an increased focus on health and well-being, with more people setting aside time to take care of themselves. Products like face masks and luxury bath and skin care remain popular, using ingredients such as essential oils, argan oil and aloe vera. Premium active ingredients are also in demand, such as retinol for collagen building and hyaluronic acid for natural skin plumping.
The growing consumer awareness of climate change and demand for sustainability is leading to the development of plant-based ingredients such a bio-surfactants derived from sugar, as well as more transparency on how materials are sourced, and innovative packaging solutions like solid shampoo bars and refill options.
However, whether commodity or premium, synthetic or bio-based, the fundamental chemistries of personal care remain the same.
And next time you pick up a bottle of shower gel, you can appreciate the myriad interactions and functionalities of the molecules inside.
Camps International is an ethical school expeditions organisation that runs volunteering trips for young people in the UK, UAE and Australia.
This year, Notch Communications is sponsoring a student, Millie Rhodes, as she fundraises for her trip to Borneo with Camps International. In Borneo, Millie will be undertaking work with sustainable projects within the local community.
A few months before she sets off, we sat down with Millie to get to know more about the work she’ll be doing and what she’s most excited about!
Thank you, Millie, for taking the time to talk to us. First of all, what initially inspired you to undertake this opportunity to fly off to Borneo?
I was lucky enough to be given this opportunity with Camps International through my school. I am keen to broaden my horizons and learn about the day-to-day lives of different communities.
I also want to develop a greater understanding of the world-at-large and learn more about different cultures that I wouldn’t otherwise have the chance to interact with!
We understand that you have organised number of fundraising activities in order to pay for your trip. Could you tell us a bit more about these?
The cost of the trip was relatively high – coming in at around £4500 – in addition to essential travel expenses such as vaccinations. When raising this sum of money, I found that organising a big variety of activities was the most important thing.
One of the main activities I did to raise money was making and sell home-made dog biscuits! Running this taught me a lot about enterprise. Things like keeping my prices low by sourcing the ingredients at discount supermarkets, like ALDI, was really important. I’ve also utilised a range of channels to sell my biscuits and get my message out to as many people as possible. Using social media really helped – my first post resulted in over 50 orders! A local café also sells around 30 bags of my dog treats a week on my behalf.
Raising money alongside the other members of the expedition team has been really hard work, but also very rewarding. From quiz nights to Zumbathons, engaging with the local community has strengthened my own communication skills and helped instil me with the confidence to manage events, time and finances. It has also helped me develop a greater sense of resilience when overcoming challenges and managing the ups and downs that come with organising activities like these.
What kind of community work will you be doing? Have you done anything similar before closer to home? How will it benefit the local community?
During my expedition, I’ll be taking part in activities that not only help the local communities, but also the environment and the local ecosystems which have been devastated by deforestation driven by palm oil demand. These include things like building shelters, improving sanitation facilities for the local people and cleaning beaches. By engaging in a range of community work, we’re hoping to benefit the local community in a wide range of ways.
While I’ve never done anything like this and it sounds quite daunting, I’m really excited by the challenge and can’t wait to get stuck in!
While you’re in Borneo, how will you be engaging with the local community?
I’m looking forward to making new friends with the local children. I’ve been told they play a very good game of football, so as a goalkeeper, I’m looking forward to the challenge! I don’t know a huge amount about the local culture, apart from the talks I’ve given, so while I’m there I’ll be learning as much as I can about the culture, cuisine and language!
In what ways do you hope this experience will impact your personal growth and development?
I’m hoping that this trip will broaden my perspective of the world and make me more appreciative of other cultures. I’m also very excited to earn my PADI open-water diver qualification, which will both provide me with a lifelong skill and enable me to appreciate the exotic marine life in Borneo!
I’ve found that a big part of the experience is not the actual trip, but the fundraising itself which has helped me grow my teamwork, problem solving and communication skills.
Lastly, what message or advice would you like to share with other teenagers who are considering participating in trips like yours?
Take the opportunity and go for it!
With our ever-evolving understanding, it’s clear that genetics is a fascinating topic affecting many parts of our lives. These three genetic mysteries will make you wonder where humanity is heading.
From health to food to sport, the world of genetics stretches into our day-to-day life in ways we probably never realise. You might have noticed that it’s popular in the news to present sensationalist articles about genetic advancements alongside ominous warnings about how it will affect the future. As someone who has worked in a genetics lab, these often don’t tell the full story and can obscure the genuine, exciting research being done to uncover long-standing genetic mysteries. Read on to discover three genetic mysteries that are changing the way we look at our DNA and the future of humanity.
Reduce the spread of malaria with gene edited mosquitos
Engineer crops to withstand extreme weather
Treat a range of human diseases
CRISPR is revolutionising experimental therapies for genetic disorders ranging from sickle cell disease to blindness. In cancer biology, CRISPR has been identified as a potentially robust treatment tool due to its simplicity and efficiency. However, since gene editing is still in its infancy, there is growing concern around where society should draw the line. Removing or editing inherited disease-causing genes could risk introducing undesirable changes to future generations.
In 2018, a Chinese biophysicist announced that he had created the first genetically altered babies. He had used CRISPR to edit embryos to make them less susceptible to HIV, resulting in the birth of the CRISPR twins, Lulu and Nana. The announcement was met with outrage from scientists and ethicists; the biophysicist was later arrested for medical malpractice. It has since been reported that the alterations made to the twins’ DNA is not expected to make them immune to HIV. However, it is believed that the edits could improve neuroplasticity, which may result in improved brain recovery and greater academic success. How this may affect future generations is something we will not truly understand for centuries to come.
In March 2023, the Third International Summit on Human Genome Editing is expected to take place. Scientists, ethicists, and stakeholders from around the world will discuss the current state of the technology and the development of regulations, among other topics. So, expect to hear more about how CRISPR might change the world.
The gender spectrum
Biological gender is often thought to be black and white. However, there are many naturally occurring genetic variations that can result in slightly different development, possibly effecting outward looking gender and fertility. These are often referred to as differences in sexual development (DSD).
DSDs usually occur when there is an alteration to an individual’s X or Y chromosomes – the ones that determine biological gender. One study suggests that up to 1.7% of the population has an alteration to these chromosomes and that approximately 0.5% of people have clinically identifiable variations. (For comparison, around 2% of the population have green eyes!)
DSD came into the public eye when the gender of double Olympic gold medallist, Caster Semenya, came under scrutiny. Media reports claimed she had both male and female characteristics including a higher-than-normal level of testosterone. A World Athletics rule around DSD led to Semenya and others being banned from the Olympics due to a ‘significant competitive advantage’. A phrase that has since been changed to ‘higher athletic performance.’ In 2021, World Athletics acknowledged potentially misleading claims around DSD and called for more studies on the subject.
While gender is a particularly controversial subject in sport and athletics, it’s important that we allow our definitions of gender to be broad and flexible. This way we can appreciate the reality of biological and genetic diversity in our population, and work towards a fairer and more equal society.
Mixing it up with mosaicism
In 2002, an American woman, Lydia Fairchild, was pregnant with her third child. When she separated from her partner, she applied for child support. However, DNA testing suggested she was not the mother of her two children and Lydia was taken to court for suspected fraud.
During the birth of her third child, a judge ordered an observer to be present. However, two weeks later, DNA tests indicated that Lydia was not the mother of that child either.
Following further tests, it was discovered that Lydia had two separate cell lines or DNA profiles. The DNA in her skin, hair and blood didn’t match those of her children, but DNA from a cervical smear eventually did, and Lydia became known nationwide as her own twin.
This phenomenon, where an organism has two different DNA profiles as opposed to one, is called mosaicism. These individuals may also be called chimeras. Chimeras are relatively common in marine environments, where colonial animals, like corals, regularly form fusion individuals. Interestingly, chimeras are not rare among household cats either. In fact, most male tortoiseshell cats are chimeras and can be identified by their distinctive coat patterns.
In medical research, biologists have been creating chimeras for decades. This has included creating mice with human immune systems or growing human organs in pigs for transplants. While the aim of this work is to develop new treatments, the creation of these animal-human chimeras is controversial.
In terms of human genetic analysis, it’s now common for scientists to bear in mind the possibility of a naturally occurring mosaic genomic profile and the implications this can have on the development of disease. However, further research is needed before mosaicism can be effectively used as a biomarker for early disease detection.
Conclusion
Genetics is a fascinating world of science, ethics, and family. Understanding it can open our eyes to the diversity of humanity today and our involvement is likely to have a huge impact on who we are tomorrow.
At Notch our team is made up of scientists and marketeers, specialising in life science, biotech and chemistry marketing. To learn more about how Notch’s creative B2B marketing communication solutions can help you in the science and technology space, click here to get in touch: https://notchcommunications.co.uk/get-in-touch/
Meet Madi
Following her undergraduate degree in Biology with Biomedicine, Madi worked at Manchester’s Genomic Laboratory Hub as a Senior Genetic Technologist. There, she managed multiple NGS cancer workflows, with a team that provided life-saving diagnostic and prognostic information. A writer at heart, Madi left the lab and joined Notch, in order to communicate scientific developments and innovations. Out of work, Madi is an animal lover and creative writer.
Ask anyone that knows me, and they’ll tell you that I love podcasts (and that they’re sick of my endless recommendations). I think that the immediate and intimate nature of the format makes podcasts a unique vehicle for powerful storytelling and you can often find niche topics explored in a depth you can’t find anywhere else. All you need is your phone and a pair of earbuds, and you have instant access to more than 2 million different podcasts, totalling 48 million episodes, available to you while doing the dishes or catching the bus.
I’m not alone in my podcast obsession. In 2020, 485 million people listened to podcasts worldwide and weekly audiences have doubled since 2017. Additionally, not only are there more listeners than ever before, but those listeners are more diverse. This is a testament to the accessibility of podcast production: anyone with a microphone and some editing software can create and publish across all the mainstream platforms. The popularity, accessibility, and flexibility of podcasts — facilitated by advances in smartphones, speakers, and laptops — has driven the phenomenal growth of the industry, with the global podcasting market estimated at $11.5 billion in 2020.
In 2020, there were initial fears that the pandemic would damage the podcasting industry, due in part to changing working habits and fewer commutes. However, audience listening behaviours quickly adapted to the new normal and business is better than ever. Weekly podcast listeners are consuming 30 minutes more per week than before the pandemic, and the global market size of podcasts is expected to keep growing by around 31 percent every year.
Utilising podcasts in the post-pandemic marketing landscape
So, podcasts are clearly big business, but why is this important for the life sciences industry? COVID-19 has expedited a digital transformation in almost every business sector. With the heightened spotlight from the pandemic, many companies have recognised the true importance of their online presence and digital offering. As a recent Deloitte report on the life sciences industry stated, a “digital transformation is no longer a buzzword, but a strategic imperative”. In other words, it is now vital for businesses to maintain an online presence. An ideal way to do this is through digital, content-driven marketing and thought leadership, and podcasts can be a key piece of this puzzle.
Used appropriately, podcasts can be a powerful tool in the content arsenal and the ideal medium for demonstrating thought leadership. The flexibility of the format allows for more specific and relevant topics to be explored. The direct and intimate engagement with the audience—coupled with the relaxed, informal nature of podcasts—can lower barriers between listener and host, and help build those all important customer relationships. Podcasts can also be a great way to drive your audience towards other content, products, or services, break up text-heavy webpages, or encourage dialogue and engagement when shared on social media. In a crowded competitive field, a podcast can be a great, dynamic form of content that will help your business stand out.
Although it might seem daunting to release a podcast, there are some easy wins to be had. For example, interview-based podcasts, while being the simplest format, are consistently the most popular with listeners. Each guest brings their own unique thoughts, opinions, and ideas which can stimulate fascinating conversations, and guests will often cross-promote within their own networks, expanding your podcast’s reach.
Podcasts are also a versatile format where you can successfully try out many different styles and approaches. All good hosting platforms allow you to glean insightful metrics, so it is easy to experiment and discover what works. Most importantly, podcasts can help to humanise your brand in an increasingly digital marketing landscape. In a time when developing and maintaining a relationship with your customers is more important than ever, podcasting can be invaluable. And if you aren’t sold yet, setting up a podcast has never been easier, with a huge array of podcasting platforms and editing software available. All you need to do is make use of the resources and expertise that your company already has to showcase your unique position in the market.
The podcast advertising boom
As well as being a beneficial addition to your content portfolio, podcasts can also be a great way to advertise products or services directly to listeners. This is for two main reasons. Firstly, audio continues to form more of the content that people consume online, with podcasts increasingly dominating this landscape. In the US, mobile time spent listening to audio content is greater than time spent on social media, videos, and gaming, and podcasts’ audience share of ad-supported audio has nearly tripled since 2016. Secondly, listeners tend to be more receptive to ads on podcasts than on other platforms, and are more likely to remember and follow up on them too, especially if they’re a long-time listener. This is because podcast ads are often read by the hosts, making them feel less intrusive and more trustworthy.
All of this makes podcasts a very attractive prospect for marketers, so much so that the biggest players in the audio streaming industry are desperately vying to control the space. The current market leader, Spotify, has continued to heavily invest in their all-encompassing advertising platform, which will allow advertisers to make their own highly targeted custom ads and obtain detailed real-time metrics on ad delivery, performance, and listener engagement. They will be able to reach the whole of Spotify’s listenership, including their own podcasts and those published on Spotify-owned hosting platforms Megaphone and Anchor. This is different from the title-by-title basis that has typically been how marketers have placed podcast ads, and until now has limited the scale at which they could be distributed.
The push into the advertising arena by Spotify and other streaming giants indicates a step change in the perception of podcasts as an advertising platform over the last few years. In a survey by Westwood One and Advertiser Perceptions, it was found that between 2015 and 2020 the number of marketers who said they would likely advertise in a podcast nearly quadrupled. Podcast ads are going to keep expanding, with estimates that advertising spend will hit $1.7 billion dollars by 2024 — an annual increase of almost 20 percent. Clearly, now is the time to be investing.
Time to harness the power of podcasts
The podcast industry has seen phenomenal growth over the last decade, thanks to increasing accessibility and huge popularity. For the life sciences, podcasts provide a great opportunity to better engage with their target audience, either by utilising podcasts as a vehicle for thought leadership in an increasingly digital marketing landscape, or by leveraging the latest advertising technologies to reach and understand those audiences better than ever before. I think it is time for the industry to jump aboard the podcasting train, because it isn’t slowing down any time soon.
If you enjoyed this blog and would like to learn more about podcasting in science, look no further than our in-house podcast channel, The Scientific Podcasting Network.
As we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is becoming apparent that we have only seen the tip of the iceberg in terms of the impact the pandemic has had on our health. For example, a recent study has suggested that up to 740,000 potential cancer cases have gone undiagnosed as a result of the pandemic and the British Medical Journal’s has published findings that show COVID-19 has significantly worsened the obesity epidemic in the UK
But what about our mental health? It will come as a surprise to none that the pandemic caused widespread anxiety and isolation in the UK, with young people being hit the hardest. The mental health charity Mind reports that 9 in 10 young people reported worse mental health as a result of the pandemic. Further studies of mental health have also shown a 20% increase in under 18s seeking emergency mental health care.
It seems that the UK mental health crisis is reaching an unprecedented level.
In this blog, we will be delving into the brain to better understand the surprising chemistry of your mental health.
The common disorders
Some of the most common mental health disorders, and those most often referred to by the term ‘mental health’, are anxiety and depression. Symptoms vary between individuals but are generally categorised in the following way:
Anxiety is what we feel when we are worried, tense or afraid – particularly about things that are about to happen, or which we think could happen in the future.
Depression is a low mood that lasts for a long time and affects your everyday life.
In most individuals, the root cause of either condition is generally unknown. Nevertheless, environmental and situational factors such as loneliness, money worries and bereavement can often act as a trigger for these conditions. Humans are not built equal, however: researchers and medical professionals have recently identified certain brain structures that leave individuals more susceptible to developing mental health conditions.
What are neurotransmitters?
Before we talk about the chemistry, we need to understand what neurotransmitters are and why they are so important in our brain. Every human body contains a nervous system, a vast network of 7 trillion nerves stretching from your brain to your toes, controlling your movement and balance. Inside each of these nerves, we have a collection of neurons, sometimes called nerve cells. Neurons can be thought of as our body’s communication network, passing messages to each other across your entire body. The messages that neurons carry are actually chemicals called neurotransmitters.
The messages your neurons send can be broken into three categories: excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory.
Excitatory neurotransmitters generate a signal in the next neuron and can be thought of as a fire spreading through the chain of neurons. A great example of these neurotransmitters is adrenaline. Adrenaline is an electrical signal that triggers your flight or fight response, causing your body to be on high alert.
Inhibitory neurotransmitters block signals in the next neuron and, to use the fire analogy, cause all neurons in the chain to put up firewalls, blocking the fire from spreading. You can see this in action after a long run when neurotransmitters called endorphins are generated. These neurotransmitters cause your neurons to block pain signals giving you a ‘runner’s high’.
Modulatory neurotransmitters are a little different and don’t just affect the chain of neurons, but rather all neurons. By regulating the messages neurons are receiving, these neurotransmitters allow us to relax or can cause us to feel stress. Serotonin is a good example of a modulatory neurotransmitter. It helps us feel happier and aids restful sleep.
Do they have chemistry?
In recent years, researchers have begun to observe that too little or too much of certain neurotransmitters can cause depression and anxiety in individuals. A lack of serotonin and dopamine, the ‘feel good’ and ‘reward’’ hormones, has long been attributed to depression, but recently, has also been linked to anxiety. When we lack these regulatory hormones, we feel higher levels of stress and anxiety, as these impulses are not being regulated by those neurotransmitters.
Sometimes it is not quite as simple as lacking neurotransmitters; adrenaline, for example, is actually far more complicated. Too much adrenaline causes our fight or flight to be overstimulated, leaving us in a permanently anxious state, while too little is thought to cause depression.
Researchers still have a long way to go in understanding neurotransmitters and are continually surprised by new findings. We know very little about some of the most intriguing neurotransmitters; a good example of this is GABA, which is another neurotransmitter linked to both depression and anxiety. Scientists are still very unsure about the precise mechanism and how this affects brain function.
How is my mind made up?
So, what causes differing levels of neurotransmitters, and why do some people seem more susceptible to mental health disorders? Current research suggests that the leading cause of neurotransmitter disparity is individual biology. Some scientists have theorised that this could be a reason for familial mental health disorders, with the irregular neurotransmitter levels being inherited between generations. Fluctuating hormones, for example during the menstrual cycle or menopause, and high stress, like the kind experienced in a pandemic, can also be triggers for anxiety and depression.
It is important to reinforce that in many cases, depression and anxiety have no distinguishable root and instead may be an accumulation of things, including but not limited to neurotransmitter levels.
Head in the clouds, eyes on the future
Thankfully, even for those suffering from neurotransmitter imbalances, there are a range of ways to conquer your mental health.
One of the most tried and tested methods of relieving mental health symptoms is talk therapy and other conventional therapies. Other steps you can take to overcome neurotransmitter imbalances include exercise, which naturally increases the level of endorphins to help stabilise your mood. These methods have been shown to increase the natural flow of serotonin, helping to regulate mood and anxiety. Stress management can also be used to increase the level of some neurotransmitters and reduce adrenaline production.
The future is looking bright for improving mental health care. As researchers learn more about the role neurotransmitters play in our mental health, they continue to pave the way toward more effective treatments and therapies for people with these conditions.
While this detailed look at neurotransmitters might feel a little alien, the important takeaway message is that feelings of depression and anxiety are never your fault. Although talking about your problems may not seem helpful at the time, the chemistry of neurotransmitters proves that talking is a scientific way to feel better.
Meet Flo
Flo Sinkinson is a scientific writer at Notch Communications, with previous experience in scientific publishing. Flo holds a first degree in Chemistry from the University of Southampton, where she concentrated her studies on quantum and biological chemistry.
Marketing in the B2B sector has always been a different animal, one with no fluff, but ‘tough skin’ and an analytical, creative eye, especially in the Biotech, Life Science and Chemical manufacturing markets. Since the pandemic, there have been some significant changes to the way B2B marketing has changed, turning the traditional ways of working upside down for good. Spotting trends early and adapting your strategy to capitalise on them is crucial for success, but what trends can you include in your 2023 B2B marketing strategy to get ahead?
In this article we set out three macro trends in marketing we are seeing here at Notch Communications from closely with our clients in the B2B sector and how they will impact future marketing strategies for 2023 and beyond.
1. Embracing the omni-channel buyer – seller dynamic:
The Omni-channel buyer and seller approach is here to stay. The pandemic has fundamentally altered the way we do business and to stay relevant, marketing must move with the demands of the buyer-seller relationship. When building a B2B marketing strategy for 2023, businesses need to anticipate and integrate these demands.In a recent study by Mckinsey of 3,500 senior B2B leaders, it was found that:
There is an expectation now for the buyer to be able to interact with the seller via remote, virtual or via self-serve solutions. Two out of three B2B buyers prefer remote human interaction or digital self-serve from sellers, especially when it comes to placing an order/re-ordering, as well as searching, researching and weighing up different suppliers.
The sales lead role is becoming hybrid. Sales teams across the board are now only spending 50% of their role doing more traditional sales activities.
Eight in ten B2B leaders say that Omni-channel is as or more effective than traditional methods—a sentiment that has grown sharply throughout the past year—rising from 54% at the start of the pandemic to 83% in February 2021.
2. Marketeers in B2B are increasing investment in digital marketing:
This B2B marketing trend has been around for some time. In fact, some of our clients have already increased their digital spending by up to 93% in this year alone! This should be a clear sign that B2B marketing trends are going digital, and that this change is here to stay.
In the ‘State of marketing’ study by Salesforce, covering 35 countries and over 8,270 marketeers, it was found that there were 5 main channels B2B marketers would be committing more investment towards in the coming year. Taking joint top priority with the highest number of votes was Video and Social Media, (82% of the respondents), followed closely by digital content (78% of the respondents), digital ads (74% of the respondents) and finally website/ app investments (65% of the respondents)
At the moment, almost 60% of B2B brands choose to outsource their marketing and content requirements, whereas 41% keep all their marketing in-house. With this in mind, there is a talent battle of strategic digital marketing expertise across both B2B and. So, as well as increasing investment in digital marketing, we are also seeing a need to upskill both marketing and possibly sales departments to become able to support this shift and support the omni- channel sales journey.
3. Targeting challenges narrow the digital channels and LinkedIn becomes the place to be.
As technology providers and governments place tighter restrictions on targeting abilities, the landscape is becoming more challenging to operate within.
Some specific changes that are coming about include:
The Google third party cookie ban and their replacements that have been deemed either too intrusive or not good enough for marketers. (Google is introducing a new “topics” based targeting which is too broad and random.)
Meta choosing to drop interest-based targeting, making it more difficult to focus on definitive audience.
Because of these restrictions, marketers are looking for partners, like Notch Communications, with the expertise to navigate these novel challenges and build up lead generation strategies that can help drive first party data, their followers and their reach. In 2021 alone, 38% of marketers increased their use of Customer Data Platforms to help with the management of first party data collection.
What does this mean for your B2B Marketing Strategy 2023?
Understanding these trends is only half the battle, we can’t take a blanket approach to strategy without first understanding where the business priorities are, meaning that you will need a bespoke strategy for 2023 that draws in both traditional and non-traditional marketing elements like big events or some traditional sales elements. However, on the surface, it is clear that Digital marketing and the customer’s digital journey is at the forefront of a lot of client’s minds.
At Notch our team are made up scientists and marketeers, specialising in life science, biotech and chemistry marketing. To learn more about how Notch’s creative B2B marketing communication solutions can help you in the science and technology space, click here to get in touch.
Meet Rasha
Rasha El-Shirbini is our head of strategy as well as a CIM regional board member with over 14 years of marketing experience. Rasha holds varied sector experience over finance, health and beauty, retail, FMCG and technology with many blue-chip clients. A senior leader working across digital, content and marketing departments, pulling in insights, analysis and research, as well as setting metrics and strategic marketing objectives for our client projects.
If you found this article insightful, be sure to follow Rasha on LinkedIn and Twitter.
Women in Water
In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly declared 11 February as the International Day of Women and Girls in Science. The day aims to promote full and equal access to participation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) through the empowerment of women and girls globally. Tomorrow marks the seventh International Day of Women and Girls in Science, with 2022’s theme being “Equity, Diversity and Inclusion: Water Unites Us”. This year, the UN is focussing on the role of women in accelerating progress towards their sixth Sustainable Development Goal – ensuring access to water and sanitation for all.
Globally, three in ten people lack access to safely managed drinking water services and six in ten to safely managed sanitation facilities. This issue disproportionately affects women and girls for a number of reasons. Safe and clean water is vital for women to attend to their personal hygiene needs, such as menstruation and pregnancy. Furthermore, due to their typical role as primary care givers, women and girls often bear most responsibility for the water and sanitation needs of their families. In 80% of households without access to water on premises, women are tasked with water collection, a strenuous chore that can consume a huge proportion of their day. A woman may rise early in the morning, travel long distances by foot across difficult or even dangerous terrain, wait for hours in a line and return home bearing the huge weight of the water required for that day. Additionally, when travelling to and from and using sanitation facilities women and girls are particularly vulnerable to abuse. Overall, when water needs are not met, women and girls, at best, cannot attend school or work and, at worst, can suffer from serious health issues. Lack of access to clean water and suitable sanitation, therefore, constitutes a major obstacle to socio-economic progress for women and girls.
As women are most impacted by the issue, it’s vital that their voices are heard as the world looks to find the right solutions. A growing body of evidence emphasizes that women’s engagement in water management leads to more effective services and enhanced environmental and economic benefits for their communities. A United Nations Development Program study of 44 water projects across Africa and Asia, found that when women were involved in decision-making, water facilities were sustained for longer, used more and, overall, were more successful. Yet only 23% of licensed engineers working in water utilities are female and one in three water and sanitation services have no women in technical or managerial positions at all.
The gender disparity in the water industry merely reflects the gender gap in the STEM sector as a whole. One in three researchers are women, yet they represent less than one in six members of national science academies. Female researchers also tend to be underrepresented in scientific journals, have fewer promotions and, lower paid careers than their male counterparts. With this in mind, what better time to shine a light on some of the trailblazing women and girls already helping to make clean water and sanitation for all a reality.
Gitanjali Rao – Inventor
Watching the news in 2014, Gitanjali, age ten, learnt of the Flint water crisis, a public health emergency caused by a cost cutting measure to change the city’s water source. As a result, 100,000 residents of Flint, Michigan were exposed to lead, and possibly Legionella bacteria, in their drinking water for five years. Residents experienced several health issues including rashes and hair loss. Further, longer term exposure to lead is linked to fertility issues and complications in child development caused by damage to the brain and nervous system.
Following this exposure, families across America tested the content of their own water. Observing the complex, expensive and time-consuming process of having her own home’s water tested, Gitanjali saw an opportunity to make a difference in people’s lives. She had learnt about the use of carbon nanotubes to detect hazardous gases and wondered if it could be applied to testing for lead in water. On a tour of Denver’s municipal water facility, Gitanjali met Selene Hernandez Ruiz, a lab manager. The two began working on bringing Gitanjali’s idea to life, in the form of Tethys, a hand-held water testing device, named after the Greek goddess of freshwater. The patent pending tool aims to enable quick, cheap and easy testing of water contamination in the home, empowering residents with real-time information on their water content. The two continue to work together testing detection methods for other metals including mercury, arsenic and cadmium. At just 16, Gitanjali has also worked on technology to counter issues including cyberbullying and opioid addiction and she continues to use her platform to inspire other young girls to engage in STEM
Márcia Barbosa – Physicist
Márcia Barbosa is a Professor of Physics at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and a director of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences. Her research focuses on explaining the abnormal properties of water and using this to develop practical solutions for real world problems. One of her current projects is researching the ways that specialised nanotubes could transform salty water and water vapour into freshwater as a means to tackle shortages of safe drinking water.
Beyond physics, Márcia is a champion of improving the conditions of women working in STEM. As a physics undergraduate in 1978, she was one of eight women in a cohort of 80. As the course progressed, her female classmates began to drop out, leaving her as the only woman to graduate from the course. When running for a student leadership position at the University, she faced sexist opposition from her fellow students. The barriers Márcia has experienced throughout her career spurred her to study the gender gap in science and advocate for change within the sector. She stated her dream as a scientist is “to make science better, fairer and more diverse” so that “the next generation of women researchers don’t need to be outspoken or a man to evolve their careers”.
Wika Maulay Fatimah – Engineer
Wika Maulay Fatimah is both a researcher at Bandung Institute of Technology in Indonesia and Chief Engineer at Lota+, an international social enterprise that offers off-grid sanitation solutions for communities lacking proper facilities. Within the Water and Wastewater Engineering Research Group, she explores how sanitation methods can be implemented across informal settlements. At Lota+, she helps make these ideas a reality, bringing their affordable toilets to villages, schools and places of work in her country and globally. In Indonesia alone, there are nearly 25 million people still practising open defecation, leading to pollution, disease and leaving women and children, in particular, vulnerable to harassment. Wika’s work is vital to tackling poverty, cultivating happy and healthy communities and removing yet another barrier to education and work for women and girls.
To read more about these inspirational women and their work check out the further reading. For more information about International Day of Women and Girls in Science 2022, you can visit the UN’s dedicated webpage.
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Launching a new product or service is filled with potential for a business, but it also comes with a lot of pressure. After so much time, effort and money has been poured into the development of an exciting new offering, the stakes are high when it finally comes to launching it. For this reason, an effective marketing strategy for your product launch is vital to its overall success.
A well-planned product launch campaign features several stages, and the whole project – from development to implementation and continued management – can easily span a year or more. To shed some light on how to make the best use of this time, here are our five fundamental steps that make for an impactful and effective product launch campaign.
1. Product knowledge
Before all else, and truly integral to a successful product launch, is understanding the product itself. Doing so ensures both a relevant and effective strategy, and should include the following:
In-depth understanding of the product – at a basic level: what it is and what problem it solves, and then more specifically: understanding its USP and differentiators.
Defining the target audience and their needs – knowing what types of customers this product would be useful to, what job roles they will likely work in and what challenges they may face in their jobs that the product could help to tackle.
Awareness of the wider market – what are competitors offering? What similar products are available? Which brands tend to be favoured by customers? Are there industry trends that could affect the need for the product?
By building the campaign around this foundation, you can make sure the product’s value is communicated clearly throughout.
2. Strategic campaign planning
The next step after taking a deep dive into the product and its place in the wider market is to develop an effective marketing campaign strategy through in-depth planning. This involves developing a tactical plan that will resonate with the target audience and meets the project requirements.
Understanding your timelines and budgets will support the creation of an achievable and successful tactical plan. In addition to setting a realistic budget, establishing project requirements and quantifiable goals for the campaign at this stage can help keep the project on track. With careful planning, even smaller budget product launch strategies can garner powerful results. With shorter timelines, for example, it can be beneficial to focus on launch and post-launch tactics rather than developing a teaser campaign, while prioritising activities that deliver the best ROI will get the most out of a limited budget.
When planning tactics, utilising appropriate approaches and channels is key to reaching your target audience and communicating with them in a meaningful way. Taking advantage of the latest marketing trends can make your campaign more effective. Digital marketing, for example, has rapidly become a central part of any marketing campaign. Keeping your tactics up-to-date with industry trends and pushing their boundaries can make your campaigns feel fresh, genuine and relevant to the customer. Tasks can then be mapped to a timeline that takes the project from planning phases through to delivery. This timeline should be continually reviewed and updated in line with any changes to the project.
3. Stand-out creative and messaging
In the life science industry, there is a lot of scope to do things differently and push the boundaries beyond industry standards to grab the audience’s attention. As a full-service marketing agency, developing effective messaging and creative concepts is a key part of what we do. These aspects provide a great opportunity to think about ways to make your product stand out, to attract attention and differentiate it from competing offerings.
In terms of messaging, by defining the way you talk about and present the product – even down to the name of the product itself – you create a clear, recognisable identity and cohesion throughout the campaign. The creation of a value proposition and key messages that will resonate with customers are a strong backbone to any messaging strategy.The visuals that accompany the campaign play a big role in how a customer notices and perceives the product. It is therefore important to develop a creative concept that conveys the product to the audience in an eye-catching way, whilst still tying it back to your brand. This can include developing bespoke visuals and taking inspiration from B2C marketing trends, which can then be applied in a B2B context.
4. Tactical plan delivery and management
Following the careful planning and creation of the product launch strategy and assets, implementing the final campaign still requires in-depth management. From generating excitement throughout the teaser campaign to an impactful official launch and maintaining interest in the product afterwards, executing each phase of the tactical plan is vital.
Pre-launch, the goal is to build up momentum through a teaser campaign featuring the creative and messaging, hinting at product features and details to generate anticipation and interest. Managing teaser activities across social media, search engine marketing (SEM), videos, email marketing and ads with third-party publications can build excitement.
When it comes to the official launch date, full launch messaging and collateral can be released across all channels simultaneously. Coordinating an integrated campaign with a multi-channel approach – where messaging and visuals are tailored to each one but are cohesive – provides more touchpoints with the target audience, helping to increase impact and make them more likely to remember the product. How-to videos and other descriptive content can be used to great effect here, providing useful and relevant information to the audience.
Post-launch, tactics should be designed to maintain a buzz around the new product and implementing strategies for retaining new customers. It’s important to ensure a consistent stream of assets are being promoted – for example, through social media, email campaigns and marketing automation plans. Scheduled content marketing is a great way to showcase a product whilst keeping valuable content flowing to customers throughout the year.
Keeping each of these phases on track is a key part of managing the tactical plan. With the tactics mapped to a timeline at the start, updates can be made in response to moved dates or changing needs throughout the project, helping to provide visibility of how each aspect will be affected.
5. Measuring success
Measuring success is an ongoing process that will allow campaign adjustments to get the best results. SMART goals – goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound – can be used to assess how the product launch campaign is performing. These goals will tend to focus on metrics such as leads, sales or new customers, although specific goals will vary for each campaign and channel. By regularly checking progress towards these in the weeks and months following the launch, you can identify any campaigns that aren’t performing as well as they could be and make changes to maintain impact. This can be easier for digital activities like SEM, pay-per-click (PPC) or paid social media, as they can be easily analysed in real time.
Analysing the impact of tactics such as word-of-mouth marketing can be more challenging, requiring an indirect approach like social media listening. Measuring success is an ongoing process within an effective product launch strategy. Once the campaign is complete, reflecting on what did or didn’t work well can provide valuable learning to take forward into future product launch campaigns.
Bringing it all together
With these five fundamentals in mind, it’s possible to create a marketing strategy that will unleash the full potential of your product. As audiences become increasingly aware of when they are being marketed to, there is an opportunity to develop clever and original tactics, such as informative content that also builds trust in the brand. There is a lot of potential to explore this in the life science industry in particular, and approaching campaigns creatively can set new standards for product launch marketing. This is something that we always strive for at Notch. From marketing campaign planning and implementation to full messaging and creative development, always backed by a deep understanding of your product and brand, we can provide flexible support to meet our clients’ needs.
Get in touch for support with your next product launch strategy here.
The labels on our clothes don’t tell us the full story of their origins. My jumper, made in Bangladesh, could very likely have taken a whistle stop tour around the world once, or even twice, during its manufacture and delivery to my doorstep. These labels also leave out the environmental cost of the way the fashion industry is currently operating.
The term fast fashion refers to low priced clothing, mass produced at high speed in order to keep pace with ever-changing trends. The supply chain is organised to allow new styles to be designed, manufactured and available to purchase within a matter of weeks. Whilst this business model increases the accessibility and reduces the cost of fashionable clothes for the consumer, it comes at a high price for our planet.
The environmental price tag of fast fashion
The necessary steps of this shortened cycle: acquiring the raw materials, preparing and treating them for manufacture, assembling, packaging and delivering the product, are all highly energy intensive. In many cases, each of these steps takes place in different countries, or even continents.
Mirroring the short manufacturing cycle is the equally short lifespan items typically have in our wardrobes. Trend specific garments, often poor quality, are frequently discarded after just a handful of wears, if worn at all. Of the total fibre input used in the manufacture of clothing, 87% ends up in landfill or incinerated. As these textiles are burned, greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide and methane, as well as toxins from dyes and chemicals, are released. Overall, the fashion industry is responsible for approximately 10% of global carbon emissions, 20% of global waste water and 35% of primary microplastic released into the environment.
Natural fibres have natural consequences
The negative environmental impact doesn’t end there. Non-renewable fossil fuels form the basis of the raw material used. Every year, 342 million barrels of oil are extracted to produce plastic based textile fibres. And unfortunately, natural fibres are not the environmentally friendly solution you might expect, largely due to the sheer volume of demand. As much as 6% of the world’s pesticides and 16% of insecticides are used to maintain production of the vast quantity of cotton required by the textile industry. More of these water and soil polluting chemicals are used in cotton farming than for any other single crop. Cotton crops also rely heavily on irrigation; for example did you know it takes 2,700 litres of water to make one cotton T-shirt?
Cotton is not the only problematic material. Leather, another popular option, has an immense carbon footprint. It is a by-product of animal agriculture, an industry responsible for 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. Further, animal agriculture is the number one cause of deforestation, mowing down vast areas of forest which act as a carbon sink, absorbing CO2. As such, leather production is directly contributing to the destruction of one of Earth’s most important defences against climate change.
Green is the new black
It is clear that, if we are to salvage what is left of our planet’s healthy ecosystems and keep global warming below the IPCC’s essential target of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, the fashion industry must enact changes, and fast. Thankfully, there are a number of signs that suggest the tide is changing against these harmful practices. Throughout September’s fashion month, sustainability has been among the top trends seen on, and off, the catwalk. In Milan, Prada has set a goal of using 90% sustainable fabrics in their designs. In Paris, the French Fashion governing body announced the development of two new tools to measure the environmental impact of collections. And at New York Fashion Week, a panel about the industry’s future was headed by Vogue’s Editor in Chief and certified fashion royalty, Dame Anna Wintour. She brought sustainability to the forefront of the conversation by discussing vintage clothing and urging designers to make “clothes that can last a lifetime” to help “customers understand that clothes are not disposable”. This message, coming from a woman who has made an entire career from reporting on the newest fashion trends, brings hope that green really is the new black.
PANGAIA, a material science brand, is on a self-proclaimed “mission to save the planet”. Their innovative solutions include grape leather made with waste from the winemaking industry and biodegradable hoodies made of nettles, bamboo and seaweed. Batoko, based on the North West coast of England, collect plastic waste before it reaches landfill and recycle it into high quality swim wear. AYM use bamboo fabric to make timeless, versatile pieces, some of which can be worn in multiple ways, providing three styles in one top. They also organise their manufacturing process to reduce waste. Items are made to order, or available to pre-order, ensuring that everything made is bought. These brands, and many others, are also partnering with a rewilding organisation that are planting trees to offset the carbon emissions from shipping.
As a consumer, it can be difficult to distinguish the green from the green washers. However, you will be pleased to hear there is already an app to help you do so! Good On You does the research and rates brands on their effect on the environment, animals, and people. It also recommends ethical, environmentally-friendly places to shop for whatever your wardrobe is missing, from shoes to pyjamas.
Sustainable fashion for everyone
Using our purchasing power to support sustainable brands and reject fast fashion can have huge impact on how the fashion industry operates in the future. However, having become accustomed to buying a new dress for a tenner, it seems difficult to justify a £90, made-to-order, bamboo number for this weekend’s party. It’s true that this kind of eco-consumerism is a privilege for those with enough time and money. Yet it is equally important to realise that the fast fashion giants are not surviving off people who cannot afford to shop elsewhere; they are thriving in a system of habitual overconsumption. Other alternatives to supporting these brands include clothes swaps with friends, shopping second hand in charity and vintage shops and using reselling platforms such as Depop and Vinted. With just a little thought and effort, becoming a sustainable fashionista can easily be achieved on a budget.
So, for the sake of our planet, on Wednesdays (and every other day) let’s wear green.
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